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ovariancystactomy
Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy

What is Ovarian Cystectomy ?

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is a surgical procedure that is used to remove one or more cysts from the ovary using laparoscopy with small incisions in the lower abdomen. It is a type of keyhole surgery that is easier to perform on the ovaries than laparotomy and has a faster recovery time.  

Ovarian cysts are highly common amongst women due to the pelvic masses and are sometimes harmless and cause no symptoms. However, if the patients experience severe abdominal pain or discomfort, the surgeon might suggest removing the cyst. Laparoscopy is also used to diagnose ovarian cysts, pelvic infections, adhesions, and fibroids. Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is adopted if the cysts are small in size and are non-cancerous.  

 

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When is a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy needed? 

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is an efficient method of surgery to preserve ovarian tissue with minimal blood loss. It is preferred when and if the patients are experiencing the following: 

  • Severe abdominal pain 

  • Pelvic pain 

  • The cyst developed due to ovulation 

  • The cyst is smaller in size 

  • The cyst is non-cancerous 

  • The cyst is persistent 

In laparoscopic surgery, the ovary is left intact and is the preferred surgical procedure for reproductive age patients as the patient's fertility is preserved. However, if the cyst is excessively large or cancerous, a laparotomy (open surgery) may be performed instead. 

 

What is the procedure for laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy? 

Laparoscopy or laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is used to diagnose and remove ovarian cysts using specialized tools. It is less invasive and easier to be performed on ovaries. The procedure is performed in the following manner:  

  • The patient is given general anesthesia 

  • The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas by the surgeon to separate the abdominal wall and organs for a better view 

  • A small incision is made below the navel to insert the laparoscope into the abdomen 

  • Additional incisions are made (2 or 3) on the sides of the lower abdomen and/or at the pubic bone 

  • The camera on the laparoscope will provide a live video feed on the screen to the surgeon to examine the cyst and ovary 

  • The examination is performed using surgical tools passed through the incisions 

  • The cyst is removed through the incisions without causing any damage to the ovary or fallopian tubes to preserve the fertility 

  • The incisions are then stitched back using dissolvable stitches, and the patient is advised to take ample rest 

 

What are the possible risk factors involved in a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy? 

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy has minimal risks. However, patients may experience discomfort or pain at the incisions and other severe risks such as: 

  • Recurrence of cysts 

  • Side-effects caused due to anesthesia  

  • Nerve damage 

  • Blood clot 

  • Vaginal bleeding 

  • Fatigue 

  • Infection 

  • Allergies 

  • Injury to the fallopian tubes or ovary  

  • Injury to surrounding organs 

Note: Severe injury to the fallopian tubes (tubes connecting ovary to the uterus) or ovary may result in its removal. Women who have had previous abdominal surgery, overweight or have any pelvic adhesions may face many complications. Patients must discuss the risks involved in the surgery with the surgeon before proceeding with the same. 

 

What can you expect during post-surgical care for laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy? 

The surgery might take upto 2 hours and has a faster recovery time. Patients can stay overnight in the hospital if they wish to but it's not necessary in most cases, and they can return to their normal activities within a day. However, the following must be taken care of to avoid any post-procedure complications: 

  • Avoid strenuous activities for upto a week 

  • To avoid infections, wash hands often 

  • Avoid touching the incisions 

  • Take up walking and other physical activities gradually 

  • Avoid sexual intercourse 

  • Take pain medication when needed 

  • Avoid consumption of alcohol 

  • Avoid smoking 

Patients recover within 1-2 weeks after a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy and can resume their usual activities.  

 

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