What is a Gastrointestinal fistula?

When do you need gastrointestinal fistula surgery?

The treatment of gastrointestinal surgery depends on the severity of the fistula. Patients having the following symptoms should consult their doctors:

• Substantial alteration in bowel habits
• Fluid leaks from an incision in the abdomen or around the anus
• Peculiar abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Bleeding in the genital area
• Sepsis or a bloodstream infection
• Nutrition absorption problems and weight loss
• Dehydration
• Deterioration of the underlying condition

Sepsis is a medical emergency in which the body has a strong response to germs, and it is the most serious complication of GIF. Low blood pressure, organ damage, and death are all possible outcomes of this condition.

How is gastrointestinal fistula surgery done?

Gastrointestinal fistulas are best treated with drugs and supportive measures to help them heal and seal, and it could take up to three months for this to happen. Some methods adopted for the healing are:

• Controlling fluid drainage and protecting the skin is vital for skin.
• Antibiotics are used to help with infections
• Providing appropriate nourishment and hydration, which may necessitate feeding via a vein or feeding tube.
• Treating the underlying cause, which in the case of Crohn's disease, may include immunosuppressive medicines to regain control.

If the fistula does not shut after receiving proper treatment, and if a patient develops sepsis, surgery may be required to close it.

Special drains, negative-pressure therapy devices, and other treatments may be used during surgery to allow the fistula to drain while it heals. A vacuum is used in negative-pressure treatment to enhance blood flow and help eliminate excess fluid.

A surgeon can sometimes use endoscopic procedures to repair drainage regions. A scope is a thin, illuminated tool inserted into the rectum and up to the abdominal area in endoscopic procedures. Closing the leaking portions of the fistula using clips or glue may be possible.

While this method is less invasive than surgery, it does not allow for the treatment of all fistulas.

What are the possible risk factors for patients?

A gastrointestinal fistula can cause several issues, including:

• Infection
• Malnutrition
• Deficiencies in electrolytes
• Slow wound healing

What can you expect during post-surgical care for gastrointestinal fistula?

Around 25% of fistulas will heal in 30-40 days with proper nutrition and medical attention. On the other hand, the death rate for all gastrointestinal fistulas might be as high as 40%. As a result, it is crucial to treat it immediately.

The patient must avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities after the surgery. If there is any discomfort, infection or puss creation near the surgical area, the patient must consult their doctor immediately.